A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English (LAEME)
Margaret Laing and Roger Lass
TAG KEY: THORN
TAGS BEGINNING WITH Y = þ CF. ALSO TAGS BEGINNING WITH TH
$Ya:..Ya:/av..cj (2) = the coordinating construction "then..when", a stylistic variant of $Ya:..Ya:/cj..av. MED s.v. thō adv. 6. OED s.v. tho adv. (conj.) †2. Cf. $Ya:/av, $Ya:/cj.
$Ya:..Ya:/cj..av (2) = the coordinating construction "when..then". MED s.v. thō adv. 6. OED s.v. tho adv. (conj.) †2. $Ya:/av, $Ya:/cj, $Ya:..Ya:/av..cj.
$Ya:/av (2) = "then". MED s.v. thō adv. 1., 2. and 3. OED s.v. tho adv. (conj.) 1. a. and †b. Cf. $Ya:/cj, $Ya:..Ya:/av..cj, $Ya:..Ya:/cj..av.
$Ya:/cj (2) = "when". MED s.v. thō adv. 4. and 5. OED s.v. tho adv. (conj.) †2. and †b. Cf. $Ya:/av, $Ya:..Ya:/av..cj, $Ya:..Ya:/cj..av, $Ya:that/cj.
$Ya:that/cj (2) = "when (that)" a variant of þā-†e (which see under $Ya:/cj). MED s.v. thō adv. 4. Cf OED s.v. tho adv. (conj.) †2. †b.
$Yaes-Ye/av-cpv (2) = special use of singular genitive masculine/neuter of the demonstrative pronoun (of which the normal uses are tagged by means of $/TG, $/DatG etc)) combined with þe and a comparative aj or av with the sense "so much the Xer". MED s.v. thas pron. 2. (c). OED s.v. †thes adv. (conj.) 2. Cf $Yaes-Ye/cj.
$Yaes-Ye/cj (2) = "as, according to what". MED s.v. thas pron. 2. (d). Cf. $Yaes-Ye/av-cpv.
$Yaes..Yaes/av..cj (2) = "as..so". Cf $Yaes-Ye/av-cpv, $Yaes-Ye/cj.
$Yafian/v (2) = "to suffer, tolerate, allow, permit, consent". MED s.v. thven v. and thvinge ger. OED s.v. †thave v.
$Yarna/v (3) = "to lack, be without, want". MED s.v. tharnen v. OED s.v. †tharn v.
$Ye:aw/n (2) = "custom, habit; manner of behaviour; quality, virtue". MED s.v. theu n. (1). OED s.v. thew n.1 Cf. $Ye:awed/vpp-aj, $Ye:awful/aj, $Ye:awian/v, $Ye:awness/n, $fiendYe:aw/n, $headYe:aw/n, $le:odYe:aw/n, $maidenYe:aw/n, $unYe:aw/n, $wellYe:aw/n.
$Ye:awed/vpp-aj (2) = chiefly in compounds "trained, educated, brought up" (< OE þēaw) MED s.v. theuen v. (1) (b) and (c). OED s.v. thewed ppl. a. Cf. $unYe:awed/vpp-aj, $wellYe:awed/vpp-aj, $Ye:awian/v.
$Ye:awful/aj (2) = "virtuous, good". MED s.v. theuful adj. OED s.v. †thewful a. Cf. $Ye:aw/n, $-ful/xs, $unYe:awful/aj.
$Ye:awian/v (2) = "to instruct, train, give moral teaching to" (cf. OE geþēawian). MED s.v. theuen v. (1) (a). OED s.v. †thew v. 2 Cf. $Ye:awed/vpp-aj.
$Ye:awness/n (2) = "virtue". MED s.v. theunesse n. OED s.v. thewness. Cf. $Ye:aw/n, $-ness/xs.
$Ye:od/n (2) = "people, nation, race: land, country". MED s.v. thde n. (2). OED s.v. †thede
Cf. $angelYe:od/n, $elYe:od/n, $cyneYe:od/n, $unYe:od/n, $underYe:od/n, $Ye:odisc/aj, $Ye:odli:c/aj.
$Ye:odan/v (2) = "to join, associate" (< OE geþēodan). MED s.v. itheoden v., thēden v. Cf. $underYe:odan/v, $Ye:odship/n.
$Ye:odendli:c/aj (2) = "subjunctive". Cf. $underYe:odendli:c/aj, $Ye:odness/n, $-ly/xs.
$Ye:odisc/aj (2) = "native, belonging to a particular land". MED s.v. thēdish adj. Cf. $Ye:od/n, $-isc/xs.
$Ye:odli:c/aj (2) = "of a people". Cf. $Ye:od/n, $-ly/xs.
$Ye:odness/n (2) = "conjunction, conjugation". Cf. $Ye:odendli:c/aj, $underYe:odendli:c/aj, $Ye:odan/v, $Ye:odship/n, $-ness/xs.
$Ye:odship/n (2) = "fellowship, association". Cf. $Ye:odan/v, $Ye:odness/n. $-ship/xs.
$Ye:on/v (2) = "to thrive, prosper; grow, mature". MED s.v. thēn v. OED s.v. †thee v.1 Cf. $overYe:on/v. Note that the transitive use is not actually attested: MED s.v. thēn v. 1. (b) þich and OED s.v. †thee v.1 2. trans. þieh are in fact the preposition ƿith "with".
$Ye:oster/aj (2) = "dark, unillumed, benighted" (< OE þīostre, þēostre, þīestre, þȳstre). MED s.v. thster adj. OED s.v. †thester a. Cf. $Ye:oster/n, $Ye:osterness/n, $Ye:ostrian/v, $Ye:ostrig/aj, $aYe:ostrian/v, $nightYe:oster/n
$Ye:oster/n (2) = "darkness", literal and figurative (< OE þīestru, þēostru). MED s.v. thster n. OED s.v. †thester n. Cf. $Ye:oster/aj, $Ye:osterness/n, $Ye:ostrian/v, $Ye:ostrig/aj, $aYe:ostrian/v, $nightYe:oster/n
$Ye:osterness/n (2) = "darkness", literal and figurative. MED s.v. thsternes(se n. OED s.v. †thesterness. Cf. $Ye:oster/aj, $Ye:oster/n.
$Ye:ostrian/v (2) = "to become dark, darken, dim". MED s.v. thstren v. OED s.v. †thester v. Cf. $Ye:oster/aj, $Ye:oster/n, $aYe:ostrian/v.
$Ye:ostrig/aj (2) = "dark". MED s.v. thstrī(e adj. OED s.v. †thestri a. Cf. $Ye:oster/aj, $Ye:oster/n.
$Ye:otan/v (2) = "to howl (at), cry out". MED s.v. thēoten v. OED s.v. †theoten v. Note that þeþit listed in MED s.v. thēoten v. (a) is in fact a form of a different verb with similar meaning for which see $ge:gan{*}/v.
$Ye:ow/n (2) = "servant, serf; disciple". MED s.v. theu n. (3). OED s.v. theow, thew n. and a. Cf. $Ye:owdom/n, $Ye:owian/v, $Ye:owli:c/aj, $Ye:owmaiden/n, $Ye:owman/n, $Ye:owwracu/n, $loreYe:ow/n.
$Ye:owdom/n (2) = "serfdom, subjugation, slavery; dominion; service". MED s.v. theudm n. OED s.v. theowdom, thewdom. Cf. $Ye:ow/n, $-dom/xs.
$Ye:owian/v (2) = "to serve". MED s.v. theuien v. OED s.v. †theow, thew v. Cf. $Ye:ow/n.
$Ye:owli:c/aj (2) = "servile, base". MED s.v. theulī adj. Cf. OED s.v. †theowlike, thewlike a. Cf. $Ye:ow/n. $-ly/xs.
$Ye:owmaiden/n (5) = "handmaid". MED s.v. theu adj. (2) (a). Cf. $Ye:ow/n, $maiden/n.
$Ye:owman/n (2) = "bondman". MED s.v. theu adj. (2) (a). Cf. $Ye:ow/n, $man/n.
$Ye:owwracu/n (2) = "threat, threatening". Cf. $wracu/n.
$Yeahtian/v (2) = "to take counsel, consult".
$Yearf/n (2) = "need, necessity: benefit". MED s.v. tharf n. OED s.v. †tharf n. Cf. $Yearfa/aj, $Yearfli:ce/av, $Yurfan/v, $unYearf/n.
$Yearfa/aj (2) = "in need, poor, humble"; as noun "poor person, the poor and needy". MED s.v. tharf adj. Cf. $Yearf/n.
$Yearfeli:ce/av-k (2). See $needYearfeli:ce/av.
$Yearle/av (2) = "greatly, very much, very". MED s.v. thearle adv.
$Yearm/npl (2) = "intestines, entrails". MED s.v. tharm n. OED s.v. tharm.
$Yefa/v (3) = "to taste, savour, smell". MED s.v. thfen v. OED s.v. †theve v. [CE $Yefa/v]
$Yegnian/v (2) = "to minister, be of service; serve, be obedient to". MED s.v. theinen v. and theinung n. OED s.v. †theine, theign v.
$Yeorf/aj (2) = "unleavened". MED s.v. therf adj. OED s.v. tharf a. Cf. $Yeorfling/naj.
$Yeorfling/naj = "unleavened (bread)". MED s.v. therfling n. OED s.v. †tharfling, therfling. Cf. $Yeorf/aj.
$Yerna/n (3) = "young woman, girl". MED s.v. therne n. OED s.v. †therne.
$Yeyet/av (5) = "still, as yet" (< OE þā gīet). MED s.v. th-yt adv. OED s.v. yet adv. (a.) and conj. †6. Cf. $Ya:/av, $yet/av, $Yeyet/cj.
$Yeyet/cj (5) = "while yet, while". See $Yeyet/av.
$Yi:nen/n (2) = "female servant, handmaid". MED s.v. thīnen n.
$Yiccol/aj (2) = "corpulent, stout". MED s.v. thikkol adj.
$Yicgan/v (2) = "to ingest, consume; to receive by begging, cadge". MED s.v. thiggen v. OED s.v. thig v.
$Yingan/vSpp (2) = "thriven, grown, advanced" (< OE geþingan, past participle geþungan). MED s.v. ithēn v. (c) ppl and OED s.v. †thee v.1 (< OE þēon the contracted form of the verb that developed a different past participle following tēon). Cf. $Ye:on/v.
$Yingian/v (2) = "to make a plea, suplicate, intercede, reconcile". MED s.v. thingen v. OED s.v. thing v. †1. Cf. $foreYingian/v.
$YoYnung/vn (4) = "?mould, shape, form" (?< OE *þōhnian, cf. OE þōhe "clay" and MED s.v. thogth n.). This derivation is a new suggestion. See MED s.v. thothnunge n. [origin unknown] where the sense is given as "?adoption, election". Not in OED.
$Yoden/n (2) = "violent wind, whirlwind". MED s.v. thde n. OED s.v. †thode.
$Yolebyrde/aj (2) = "patient, submissive". MED s.v. thōle-burde adj. OED s.v. †tholeburde a. Cf. $Yolebyrdness/n, $Yolemo:d/aj, $Yolian/v.
$Yolebyrdness/n (2) = "patience, submissiveness". MED s.v. thōle-burdnesse n. OED s.v. †tholeburde a. Cf. $Yolebyrde/aj, $Yolemo:d/aj, $Yolian/v, $-ness/xs.
$Yolemo:d/aj (2) = "patient, submissive, meek". MED s.v. thōle-mōd adj. OED s.v. †tholemode a. and n. Cf. $Yolemo:d/n, $Yolemo:dli:ce/av, $Yolemo:dness/n, $Yolebyrde/aj, $Yolian/v, $mood/n.
$Yolemo:d/n (2) = "patience". MED s.v. thōle-mōd n. OED s.v. †tholemode a. and n. Cf. $Yolemo:d/aj.
$Yolemo:dli:ce/av (2) = "patiently, submissively, meekly". MED s.v. thōle-mōdlī adv. OED †tholemodely adv. Cf. $Yolemo:d/aj, $-ly/xs.
$Yolemo:dness/n (2) = "patience, meekness, forebearance". MED s.v. thōle-mōdnes(se n. OED s.v. †tholemodeness. Cf. $Yolemo:d/aj, $-ness/xs.
$Yolian/v (2) = "to suffer, endure, experience, undergo; to permit". MED s.v. thōlen v. and ithōlen v. OED s.v. thole v. Cf. $Yolebyrde/aj, Yolemo:d/aj.
$Yra:g/n (2) = "period of time, a (short) while, an instant; turn". MED s.v. throu n. (1). OED s.v. †throw n.1.
$Yra:liga/av (3) = "boldly, eagerly, fiercely, violently". MED s.v. thrōlīadv. OED s.v. †throly, thraly adv. Cf. $Yra:r/aj, $-ly/xs.
$Yra:r/aj (3) = "stubborn, fierce, violent". MED s.v. thrō adj. OED s.v. †thro, thra a.1 (adv.) Cf. $Yra:liga/av
$Yracian/v (2) = "to fear, dread". Cf. $anYracian/v.
$Yrafian/v (2) = "to urge, press".
$Yralunge/n (4) = "pain, discomfort" (perhaps connected with OE þrēa, þrēal). MED s.v. thrālinge n.
$Yre:agan/v (2) = "to chasten, rebuke". MED s.v. thraien v. OED s.v. †threa v.
$Yre:apian/v (2) = "to rebuke, chide, scold, blame" (< OE þrēapian). MED s.v. þrēpen v. OED s.v. threap v. Cf. $threapen/v
$Yri:ste/aj (2) = "bold, audacious, rash, presumptious". MED s.v. thrste adj. OED s.v. †thriste a. Cf. $Yri:stlae:can/v.
$Yri:stlae:can/v (2) = "to dare, be audacious". MED s.v. thrste-lēchen v. Cf. $Yri:ste/aj.
$Yrielig/aj (2) = "threefold, triple, triune". MED s.v. thrile adj. OED s.v. †thrile, thrili a. Cf. $3/qc, $3fold/qc-aj, $Yrinnr/aj.
$Yring/n (2) = "crowd, press, throng". (< OE (ge)þring, (ge)þryng). MED s.v. thring(e n. OED s.v. †thring n.1 and †thring n.2 Cf. $Yringan/v.
$Yringan/v (2) = "gather togethr, throng, press, crowd in on; press hard, harass, throw down: confine". MED s.v. thringen v. OED s.v. thring v. Cf. $Yring/n, $beYringan/v.
$Yrinnr/aj (3) = "three, threefold, triple" (< OScan. þrinnr also late OE þrinna). MED s.v. thrin num. OED s.v. thrin, thrinne a. (n.). Cf. $3/qc, $3fold/qc-aj, $Yrielig/aj.
$Yro:ask/v (3) = "to grow, thrive, mature". MED s.v. thrōen v. OED s.v. †thro v.
$Yro:wian/v (2) = "to suffer, endure, undergo". MED s.v. throuen v. (2) and throuinge ger. (2). OED s.v. †throw v.2 Cf. $Yro:wiendli:c/aj, $Yro:wingtime/n.
$Yro:wiendli:c/aj (2) = "capable of suffering, i.e. passive (of verbs)". Cf. $Yro:wian/v.
$Yro:wingtime/n (5) = "time of suffering, Passion of Christ on earth". MED s.v. throuinge ger. (2) (c). OED s.v. †throw v.2 2. Cf. $Yro:wian/v, $time/n.
$Yru:h/n (2) = "tomb, coffin". MED s.v. thrūgh n. OED s.v. through n.2 †2.
$Yrymm/n (2) = "host, multitude" also "glory" see $Yrymness/n. MED s.v. thrum n (1). OED s.v. †thrum n.
$Yrymness/n (2) = "divine majesty, glory". Cf. $Yrymm/n, $-ness/xs, $maegenYrymness/n.
$Yunwange/n (2) = "temple of the head". MED s.v. thun-wonge n. OED s.v. †thunwang, -wange.
$Yurfan/v (2) = used impersonally "to be needed, be necessary, it is necessary". As modal auxiliary "need to, be obliged to". MED s.v. thurven v. OED s.v. †tharf, thar v. Cf. $Yearf/n, $Yearfa/aj, $beYurfan/v.
$Yvertout/av (5) = "wholly, utterly, very" (< OScand þvert + OE ūt) MED s.v. thwert-o(ut adv. OED s.v. †thwert-out adv. Cf. $out/av.
$Yvertover/aj (5) = "crosswise, transverse" (< OScand þvert + OE ofer). MED s.v. thwert- ver adj. OED s.v. thwartover prep, adv., a. C. †a.
$Yvertover/av (5) = "crosswise, transversely" (< OScand þvert + OE ofer). MED s.v. thwert- ver adv. OED s.v. thwartover prep, adv., a. †B.
$Ywe:an/v (2) = "to wash". MED s.v. thwēn v.
$Yweorh/aj (2) = "crooked, adverse, against". Cf. $Yweorli:c/aj, $Yweorness/n, $Ywy:rian/v.
$Yweorli:c/aj (2) = "reversed, contrary, opposite". Cf. $Yweorh/aj.
$Yweorness/n (2) = "opposition, discord". Cf. $Yweorh/aj.
$Ywy:rian/v (2) = "to be opposed to". MED s.v. thwīren v. Cf. $Yweorh/aj.
$Yy:fel/n (2) = "bush, thicket". MED s.v. thvel. OED s.v. †thyvel, thuvel.
$Yyddan/v (2) = "to push forcefully, shove". MED s.v. thudden v. OED s.v. †thud v. 3.
$Yyften/n (2) = "female servant, handmaid". MED s.v. thuften n. OED s.v. †thuften.
$Yyld/n (2) = "patience, endurance". MED s.v. thīld n. and ithīld n. OED s.v. †thild. Cf. $Yyldeli:ce/av, $Yyldig/aj.
$Yyldeli:ce/av (2) = "patiently". MED s.v. thīldelī adv. OED s.v. †thild. Cf. $Yyld/n, $Yyldig/aj, $Yyldigli:ce/av, $-ly/xs.
$Yyldig/aj (2) = "patient, long-suffering". MED s.v. thīldī adj. OED s.v. †thild. Cf. $Yyld/n, $Yyldigli:ce/av.
$Yyldigli:ce/av = "patiently". MED s.v. thīldīlī adv. OED s.v. †thild. Cf. $Yyldig/aj, $-ly/xs, $Yyldeli:ce/av.
$Yylli:c/aj (2) = "of such a kind, suchlike, such". MED s.v. thullich adj. OED s.v. †thellich a. and pron.
$Yyncan/v (2) = "to seem, appear; to seem fitting, good". Impersonal: "it seems, it appears". MED s.v. thinken v. (1). OED s.v. †think v.1 Cf. $aYyncan/v, $forYyncan/v, $misYyncan/v, $ofYyncan/v.
$Yyrl/n (2) = "hole, aperture, window; bodily orifice". MED s.v. thirl n. OED s.v. thirl n.1 and thirling vn.1 1. Cf. $Yyrlcloth/n, $Yyrlian/v, $dre:amYyrl/n, $egleYyrl/n, $eyeYyrl/n, $gangYyrl/n. $houseYyrl/n, $noseYyrl/n.
$Yyrlcloth/n (5) = "curtain". MED s.v. thirl n. 2. (b). Cf. $Yyrl/n.
$Yyrlian/v (2) = "to pierce, stab, penetrate". MED s.v. thirlen v. and thirling(e ger. OED s.v. thirl v.1 Cf. $Yyrl/n.
$Yyrs/n (2) = "devil, evil person". MED s.v. thurs(e n. OED s.v. thurs.