HCRC Disfluency Coding Manual: 7

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Other elements at the interruption point.

The interruption point may be followed by:

• a filled pause (labelled as FP) (um/uh/eh/ehm);
• a lexical editing term (E) ("I mean");
• a silent pause (SP). Silent pauses coincide with the [] label in the word-level transcriptions, but the transcriptions also include a set of noise labels. The noise labels are ignored for the disfluency annotation, so SP may also SPAN sequences of silence and noise.

Combinations and Complex Cases

So far, we have only considered simple cases. Now we look at combination types, which are disfluencies with one interruption point, but more than one of the simple operations (some combination of repetition, deletion, insertion and substitution not already covered in the more straightforward cases), and complex types which have one or more disfluencies embedded within the reparandum or repair of another.

Combinations

The simple TYPE labels are sufficient for most disfluencies, but there are plenty of combinations of types which need to be accounted for. The most frequent is <DR> -- where a word or more is deleted but the rest of the RM is repeated. In fact Shriberg just includes these in <D>, but I prefer to keep the complete restarts separate. <SR>, though is included in <S>, because most <S> cases have some repeated sections. There can be no <I> without a repeat, so there's no case for <IR>.

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